Mealworm Farming FAQ

Based on the Facebook Live Session "Mealworms and More!" from March 10th, 2023

1. What is the best way to get rid of mites in a mealworm colony?

Mites can be a serious problem for mealworm colonies. Several methods were discussed for mite eradication including:

• Reduce Humidity and Moisture Sources: Remove moist food sources like potatoes, carrots, and water crystals to limit mite breeding grounds.
• Create a Physical Barrier: Use diatomaceous earth or split pea flour around containers to create a barrier that mites can't cross, or place containers in a moat of water.
• Washing/Rinsing: Rinse mealworms in a fine-mesh sieve to wash away mites while retaining the larger mealworms.
• Split Pea Flour: Add fresh split pea flour to the substrate. This acts as a natural insecticide that targets mites.
• Water Cups: Place small cups of water in the bins. This attracts mites, trapping them and preventing them from reaching the mealworms.

It's important to start implementing mite control measures as soon as you see them to prevent a large-scale infestation.

2. How long does it take to see baby mealworms after introducing beetles?

It typically takes about 4 to 6 weeks to see baby mealworms (larvae) with the naked eye after introducing beetles to a new setup. Optimal temperature and humidity conditions are crucial for timely development.

To check for tiny mealworms before they are easily visible:

• Observe Substrate Movement: Gently run your fingers through the substrate (especially if using oats) and hold your breath. Look for any movement in the flakes.
• Magnifying Glass: Use a magnifying glass to inspect the substrate, especially if you have a dark-colored tray that provides contrast.
• Moisture Source Check: Place a small piece of lettuce or a thin slice of potato in the bin. After a few minutes, lift the item and examine it for tiny mealworms.

3. What is the recommended mealworm density per square inch?

Mealworms can tolerate relatively high densities. Overcrowding isn't usually a significant issue unless you are specifically trying to induce natural pupation.

• Commercial Farming: Mealworm farms typically use high-density practices, often raising them in tubes or cups to encourage pupation.
• Natural Pupation: If you keep mealworms at a very low density, they may pupate on their own even within the same container.

To get an idea of density, consider that one participant in the live session uses 3-4 liters (approximately 900-1200 grams) of bran for 1500 beetles.

4. What are some effective methods for pupating superworms?

Several methods for pupating superworms were mentioned, including:

• Individual Containers: Separate superworms into individual containers, such as tubes, cups, or 35 mm film canisters, to trigger pupation.
• PVC Tubing: ¾-inch PVC tubing works well for providing individual pupation spaces.
• Prescription Pill Bottles: 3-inch tall prescription pill bottles offer a lighter-weight alternative to PVC.
• Stainless Steel Ramekins: Stainless steel ramekins are another option. Some believe that beetles can emerge from them more easily than plastic containers.

Cleanliness is essential in pupation setups. Dirty containers can provide a better grip for the beetles, making it easier for them to escape.

5. What are the best practices for shipping mealworms during warmer months?

Shipping mealworms in warm weather requires specific considerations to ensure they arrive safely:

• Increased Ventilation: Use shipping boxes with more ventilation holes than those used in cooler months.
• Mesh Lids: Transition from solid lids to mesh lids to provide additional airflow.
• Template Adjustments: Adjust box templates to accommodate the increased number of ventilation holes.
• Monitor Weather: Keep a close eye on weather forecasts along the shipping route to anticipate temperature fluctuations.

6. Can mealworm beetles and pupae be used as feed for quail and chickens?

Yes, both mealworm beetles and pupae can be a valuable protein source for quail and chickens.

• Beetles: Quail may exhibit a behavior of pecking at live beetles to "kill" them before consuming them. Chickens may eat them whole, depending on beak size.
• Pupae: Both quail and chickens readily consume dead pupae, providing an excellent way to utilize this by-product from mealworm farming.

It's essential to introduce new food sources gradually and observe the birds for any adverse reactions. Monitor protein intake to ensure a balanced diet.

7. Are green lights harmful to mealworms?

Green lights themselves are not directly harmful to mealworms. However, they can indirectly impact mealworm production due to their association with mites:

• Mite Attraction: Green lights can attract mites, which can infest a mealworm colony and cause stress and potential health issues for the mealworms.
• Reptile Impact: A heavy mite infestation can negatively affect the health and lifespan of reptiles that consume mealworms.

If you are experiencing a mite problem, it's crucial to implement mite control measures to protect both your mealworm colony and any reptiles that rely on them as a food source.

8. Are there any advanced mealworm farming classes available?

At the time of the Facebook Live session, advanced mealworm farming classes were not yet being offered. However, a beginner course was in progress, and plans for additional classes were being considered.

• Beginner Course: This 3-month course focused on helping new mealworm farmers establish and stabilize their colonies.
• Future Classes: The organizer expressed interest in exploring more specialized topics like pupation in future courses.

It's recommended to join the Mealworm Farming Co-op Facebook group for updates on future course offerings.