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Mealworms and More! Q&A Session: February 21, 2024

I. Introduction and Housekeeping

• Welcome and explanation of "Mealworms and More" live sessions.
• Brief discussion of the format, recording, and posting to Facebook and YouTube.
• Disclosure about YouTube channel monetization and revenue generated.

II. Q&A and Discussion

A. Mealworm Sizing and Sifting

• Addressing a question on mealworm sizing for sales, with a focus on achieving a 3/4-inch average.
• Detailed explanation of the DIY sifting tower, including mesh sizes used for separating mealworms and frass.
• Mention of plans for a new sifter with finer mesh for frass separation.

B. Food Waste and Mites

• Discussion about using kitchen food waste for mealworm and beetle feed, including observations on food preferences (e.g., citrus peels).
• Addressing concerns about potential mite outbreaks stemming from untreated food waste, based on previous experience with black soldier fly larvae (BSFL).
• Proactive measures like incorporating split pea flour into the food waste mix to prevent mite infestations.

C. Superworm Farming Challenges

• Sharing personal experiences and challenges with superworm farming, including recurring die-off issues attributed to possible Densovirus.
• Observations on superworm sensitivity to moisture and their unsuitability for dense farming practices.
• Speculation about potential virus transmission methods and the lack of definitive solutions.

D. Darker Mealworm and Red Mealworm Discussion

• Addressing questions about darker mealworms and the possibility of them being a distinct species.
• Skepticism about claims without scientific evidence, emphasizing the need for genetic testing or other reliable proof.
• Mention of red mealworms and the lack of information available about them.

E. Mealworm Bites and Behavior

• Responding to questions about mealworm biting, recounting personal experience and confirming that they do bite.
• Sharing an anecdote about a mealworm biting after getting stuck in a shirt.
• Observations on the biting force of mealworms compared to superworms.

F. Farm Expansion and Management

• Update on the farm expansion, now totaling 2,100 square feet with dedicated insect rearing, storage, and office space.
• Current beetle tray count at approximately 100-125, limited by labor-intensive beetle tray insert management.
• Commenting on the addictive nature of mealworm farming as a hobby and business.

G. Sales and Inventory

• Discussing the most popular mealworm quantities sold, with 500, 1,000, 3,000, and 5,000 being the most common.
• Observations on wholesale orders from stores, primarily for 500-count cups or 5,000-count boxes.
• Consideration of simplifying website inventory by removing less popular quantities.

H. Family Involvement

• Explanation of the limited involvement of family members in the mealworm farm operation.
• Stressing the importance of safety precautions and the potential impact of frass and dust on children.
• Advocating for caution when integrating insects into homesteading scenarios involving children.

I. Frass Management and Safety

• Addressing concerns about frass safety, emphasizing the importance of proper handling and precautions.
• Comparing frass handling to the safe use of other soil amendments and fertilizers.
• Transparency in communicating the potential presence of wheat bran in frass to customers.

J. Air Filtration and Ventilation

• Describing the air filtration system used in the farm, including the HVAC unit with a HEPA filter.
• Explanation of the dust collector system used to manage dust generated during processing and sifting.
• Use of an exhaust fan for ventilation, with cautionary advice against its use in residential areas.
• Importance of balancing exhaust with fresh air intake to maintain efficient ventilation.

K. Data Tracking Challenges and Future Plans

• Discussion about the difficulty of accurately tracking data like mealworm yield per beetle tray due to varying beetle ages and egg-laying rates.
• Sharing the current approach of tracking overall mealworm harvests against initial beetle populations, acknowledging its limitations.
• Speculation on the potential benefits of starting trays with a specific number of neonates for more precise data collection.

L. Concluding Remarks

• Announcement of future "Mealworms and More" live sessions to be scheduled in the coming weeks.
• Encouragement to continue the conversation by adding questions to the recorded video on Facebook.
• Expressing gratitude for audience participation and support.

 

Mealworms and More Facebook Live Briefing Document - 2.21.2024

Main Themes:

• Q&A Session: This session was primarily focused on addressing questions from the Mealworm Farming Co-op Facebook group members.
• Farm Update: An update on the recent farm expansion and its implications for production.
• Superworm Challenges: Discussion around common challenges faced with superworm farming, particularly the die-off phenomenon.
• Mealworm Variations: Exploring different mealworm strains, including darker and red mealworms, and the lack of scientific clarity surrounding them.
• Mealworm Behavior: Addressing common misconceptions about mealworm biting and discussing practical experiences.
• Farm Management: Sharing insights into various aspects of mealworm farming, including sizing for sale, food waste utilization, air filtration, sales data, and beetle tray management.

Important Ideas/Facts:

• The farm has recently undergone a significant expansion, increasing the total space from 400 sq ft to 2100 sq ft.
• The host has stopped raising superworms due to recurring die-off issues, likely caused by a virus. He believes that more research is needed to understand and address this widespread problem.
• There is a lack of scientific consensus on the existence of different mealworm species (darker, red). More research is needed to differentiate between variations within the Tenebrio molitor species.
• Mealworms do bite, contrary to popular belief. While not aggressive, they can bite if trapped or hungry.
• The host primarily sells mealworms in quantities of 500, 1000, 3000, and 5000, with the 5000+ category making up a significant portion of sales.
• He uses a dual-chamber dust collector and exhaust fan for air filtration and dust management, emphasizing responsible ventilation practices.
• He is currently experimenting with feeding quail manure to mealworms as a potential sustainable practice.
• The host acknowledges the difficulty in accurately tracking mealworm yield per beetle tray due to varying beetle ages and egg-laying patterns.

Key Quotes:

• Superworm die-off: "I do know it's a bigger issue than just me...it's the insect itself like there's just something going on there."
• Mealworm biting: "I've recorded it because there's that conversation all the time of like 'Do mealworms bite?'"
• Darker mealworms: "I'm not saying that those folks are wrong, I just don't have a way from a science perspective to have someone prove to me that the mealworms that they have are shown and 100% positive to be some different species of darker mealworm."
• Food waste for mealworms: "I think from a nutrient perspective it's better to get variant nutrients in there as well um into the colony uh and so I think that playing with that to see what they could eat in a day at different life stages is going to be helpful..."
• Frass handling: "It's one of those things that you have to handle the right way...you have a certain way to apply it uh take precautions and everything will will be okay."
• Data tracking challenges: "The way that the beetles... will lay eggs... is extremely difficult for a one-person show and in my opinion isn't a worthy piece of data to try to collect."

Action Items:

• Research and consider the feasibility of a cleanable air filtration system for the farm.
• Investigate the scientific literature on darker and red mealworms to understand their characteristics and potential benefits.
• Explore potential collaborations with researchers to conduct studies on mealworm yield per beetle tray under controlled conditions.
• Continue experimenting with the quail manure and mealworm integration for a sustainable farming system.

Overall Impression:

The Facebook Live session provided valuable insights into the practical realities of running a mealworm farm. The host's candid discussion about challenges and successes, coupled with his willingness to answer audience questions, fosters a sense of community and shared learning within the mealworm farming community. The session also highlights the need for more research on specific aspects of mealworm farming, including disease management, strain variations, and data-driven production optimization.

 

Mealworm Farming FAQ

1. What size mealworms are best for selling, and how do you size them?

The ideal size for selling mealworms depends on your target market. Larger worms (around 1 inch) are typically preferred by pet stores and fishing supply stores for bait or reptile feed. However, these larger sizes are often achieved using juvenile hormones to prevent pupation.

For those selling naturally raised mealworms, a 3/4 inch average size is recommended. This size is achieved by using different mesh sizes to separate the worms. A smaller mesh (e.g., 1/8 inch chicken wire) allows mediums to pass through, while a larger mesh (e.g., 12th or 20th mesh) allows frass, eggs, and smaller larvae to pass through. A 38th mesh can be used for frass to ensure only the finest particles pass through.

2. Does feeding mealworms food waste attract more mites?

While there's potential for food waste to introduce mites, it's not a guarantee. Untreated food waste carries a higher risk of unwanted pests compared to commercially produced wheat bran that's been frozen.

To mitigate the risk, it's recommended to proactively add split pea flour to the food waste mixture. This helps control mite populations and promotes a healthy colony environment.

3. Are mealworms or black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) more efficient at consuming food waste?

BSFL are more efficient at consuming large volumes of food waste quickly before it spoils. However, mealworms can be just as effective if the food waste is properly prepared. Grinding the food waste into a meal-like consistency and balancing the moisture content helps mealworms consume it more efficiently and prevents them from selectively eating only certain items.

4. What are some tips for raising superworms?

Superworms thrive in warmer environments and are generally less tolerant of high moisture compared to mealworms. However, the risk of denzovirus infection is a significant challenge in superworm farming.

Maintaining a clean environment, using appropriate substrate, and avoiding overcrowding can help mitigate the risk of disease. Be prepared to deal with potential die-offs and consider the challenges before investing heavily in superworm farming.

5. Is there a difference between dark and yellow mealworms, or are darker mealworms healthier?

There's ongoing debate about whether darker mealworms represent a different species or are simply variations within the standard mealworm species. While anecdotal evidence suggests darker mealworms may be more robust, scientific research is needed to confirm any significant differences in species, genetics, or nutritional profiles.

6. Do mealworms bite?

Yes, mealworms can bite, although they typically prefer to escape rather than attack. Bites usually occur when mealworms feel trapped or threatened, such as being held tightly or getting caught in clothing. While bites can be slightly painful, they are not venomous and rarely cause serious harm.

7. How do you manage dust in a mealworm farm?

Managing dust is crucial for a healthy farm environment. The primary methods for dust control include:

• Dust Collector: A two-chamber dust collector connected to the sifting system captures most of the dust generated during processing.
• HVAC System: A HEPA filter within the HVAC system helps filter airborne particles.
• Exhaust Fan: In situations where dust levels are high, an exhaust fan can be used to vent air outside, ideally in areas where it won't impact neighbors.
• Regular Cleaning: Routinely cleaning the farm and equipment helps minimize dust accumulation.

8. How do you estimate the number of mealworms produced per tray?

Estimating mealworm yields per tray can be challenging due to variations in beetle age, laying patterns, and environmental factors. A rough estimate can be obtained by tracking the number of medium-sized mealworms harvested from a tray and comparing it to the initial number of beetles or larvae introduced. However, achieving precise and consistent yields requires careful attention to beetle density, sex ratios, and optimal rearing conditions.

 

Mealworm Farming Q&A Review

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the most common quantities of mealworms that are purchased, and why does this vary between retail and wholesale?
2. What method does the presenter use to separate mealworms by size?
3. Describe the presenter’s experience with using food waste to feed mealworms. What are some advantages and challenges?
4. What steps does the presenter take to mitigate dust in the farming environment?
5. Why did the presenter abandon raising superworms?
6. Explain the presenter's reservations about involving children in mealworm farming.
7. What is the presenter's stance on the potential dangers of frass, and how should it be handled?
8. Describe the presenter’s experience with the Chinese vibrational sifter. What were its limitations, and why was it ultimately unsuccessful?
9. Why doesn’t the presenter track data related to the number of mealworms produced per beetle tray?
10. What are some of the challenges associated with using a window fan to exhaust frass dust from a small farming space?

Answer Key

1. The most common quantities are 500, 1000, 3000, and 5000, with multiples of 5000 being popular for larger orders. Retail customers tend to buy smaller quantities for personal use, while wholesale customers, like pet stores, prefer bulk quantities.
2. The presenter utilizes a DIY sifting tower with different mesh sizes, allowing mealworms to fall through based on their size.
3. The presenter has had success using food waste, noting that mealworms seem to enjoy a variety of food sources. However, challenges include the potential for mites and difficulty in regulating moisture levels.
4. The presenter uses a two-chamber dust collector hooked up to their sifting system to capture dust during processing. They also turn off the HVAC to prevent filter clogging and may utilize an exhaust fan for ventilation when needed.
5. The presenter stopped raising superworms due to repeated colony die-offs, suspected to be caused by a virus.
6. The presenter discourages involving children due to concerns about potential health risks associated with frass and dust.
7. The presenter emphasizes that frass can be dangerous if handled improperly. They advise taking precautions similar to those used with other soil amendments, including wearing a mask during application.
8. The vibrational sifter broke down due to poor construction and lacked adequate instructions for maintenance. It was also ineffective at separating mealworms by size, resulting in inconsistent sizing within harvested batches.
9. The presenter argues that tracking data per tray is not feasible due to the varying ages and egg-laying rates of the beetles in each tray, leading to inconsistent and unreliable data.
10. Using a window fan for exhaust requires a separate air inlet to ensure proper ventilation. It can also disrupt temperature regulation within the farm by drawing in outside air, potentially increasing heating or cooling costs.

Essay Questions

1. Discuss the ethical considerations involved in mealworm farming, including potential animal welfare concerns and the environmental impact of large-scale insect production.
2. Analyze the presenter’s approach to mealworm farming. What are their strengths and weaknesses as a farmer, and what recommendations would you make for improving their operation?
3. Evaluate the pros and cons of using food waste as a primary feed source for mealworms. Consider factors such as nutrient content, cost, sustainability, and potential risks.
4. Explain the importance of proper ventilation and dust control in a mealworm farming operation. Discuss the potential health risks associated with frass dust and describe effective methods for mitigating these risks.
5. Based on the presenter's experience and the insights from the Q&A session, propose a research study to investigate the claim that darker mealworms are a distinct species. Outline the methodology, data collection techniques, and potential implications of the study's findings.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Frass: The excrement of insects, particularly mealworms, which is rich in nutrients and often used as a fertilizer or soil amendment.
• Neonates: Newly hatched insect larvae.
• Pupate: The stage in an insect’s life cycle where it transforms from a larva to an adult, typically within a cocoon or pupa.
• HVAC: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning system, used to regulate temperature and air quality in a building.
• HEPA Filter: High-Efficiency Particulate Air filter, designed to remove a large percentage of small particles, including dust and allergens, from the air.
• Mesh: A material with interconnected strands or fibers forming a grid-like pattern, used for sifting or separating materials by size.
• Sifting: The process of separating particles of different sizes using a mesh or sieve.
• Density: The number of individuals, in this case, mealworms or beetles, within a given area or volume.
• Baseline: A starting point or reference value used for comparison in data analysis.
• Strain: A genetic variant or subtype of a species, often with distinct characteristics.